March 7 Woman of the Day is Lani Guinier, author and law professor at Harvard Law School. Read about this woman below.
Black Past.org: http://www.blackpast.org/aah/guinier-lani-1950
CSpan BookTv: http://www.c-span.org/video/?324509-1/depth-lani-guinier
* Today in Black History – March 7 *
1539 – The first person of African descent to traverse the southern
portion of, what is now, the United States is Estevanico, or
Esteban, explorer from Azamov, Morocco. He discovers Arizona
and New Mexico. His journey lasted eight years. He was
leading an advance scouting party when he joins the ancestors
after being killed at Hawikuh Pueblo, New Mexico.
1870 – Governor William W. Holden of North Carolina, denounces Klan
violence and issues a proclamation declaring Alamance County
in a state of insurrection.
1917 – Janet Collins is born in New Orleans, Louisiana. She will
become a prima ballerina and the first African American
ballerina to perform on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera
House in New York City. She will be one of the few classically
trained African American dancers of her generation. In 1951
she will win the Donaldson Award for best dancer on Broadway
for her work in Cole Porter’s “Out of This World” (musical).
She also will perform in Aida and Carmen. She will join the
ancestors on May 28, 2003 in Fort Worth, Texas.
1927 – In Nixon v. Hearn, the United States Supreme Court strikes
down a Texas law prohibiting African Americans from voting in
a “white” primary.
1930 – “The New York Times” capitalizes the word Negro “in recognition
of racial self-respect for those who have been for generations
in the lowercase.”
1941 – British troops invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia). This invasion will
result in the liberation of Ethiopia from fascist Italian
occupation (1936 – 1941).
1942 – The first five cadets graduate from the Tuskegee Flying School:
Captain Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. and Second Lieutenants Mac Ross,
Charles DeBow, L.R. Curtis, and George S. Roberts. They will
become part of the famous 99th Pursuit Squadron.
1945 – Photographer Anthony Bonair is born in Trinidad. He will emigrate
to the United States in 1969. A photographer since the early 1970’s,
Bonair’s work will explore dance, Carnival, and the streets as
well as new directions utilizing multiple-exposure techniques.
He will join the ancestors on March 14, 2011.
1950 – Franco Harris is born in Fort Dix, New Jersey. He will become
a NFL fullback for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Seattle
Seahawks. In his career, he will be All-AFC three times, play
in eight Pro Bowls, MVP in Super Bowl IX, rush for 1,000 yards
for nine seasons, rush for 100 yards in 47 games, rush for
12,120 career yards, 91 touchdowns rushing, 9 TDs receiving,
14,622 combined net yards, and 1,556 yards rushing in 19 post-
season games. One of his most memorable plays will be “The
Immaculate Reception” in a Steeler win against the Oakland
Raiders. This play will be voted the play of the 20th Century
on Superbowl Sunday, January 30, 2000. He will be elected to
the Pro Football Hall of Fame on January 27, 1990 and enshrined
on August 8, 1990.
1951 – Ezzard Charles wins a 15-round heavyweight decision against
Jersey Joe Walcott.
1952 – Lynn Curtis Swann is born in Alcoa, Tennessee. He will become a
NFL wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He will be
elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1993. Though
his professional career didn’t yield large statistics, he will
be elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2001. He will
also be selected to the NFL 1970s All-Decade Team by Hall of
Fame voters. After retiring from football, he will become a
network sportscaster.
1965 – John Lewis leads a group of civil rights marchers across the
Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, where they are attacked
by Alabama state troopers and sheriff’s deputies with tear gas
and billy clubs. This violent confrontation will be known as
“Bloody Sunday,” and will spark the historic Selma-to-
Montgomery voting rights march led by Martin Luther King Jr.
1985 – The record “We Are the World” is released as a single. The
song, whose proceeds benefit African famine relief efforts, is
written by Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson and produced by
Quincy Jones, with the singing participants organized by Jones,
Harry Belafonte, and Ken Kragen. To insure that the all-night
recording session went off without a hitch and that the true
cause of the song was etched into the hearts and minds of the
wide array of internationally known talent performing, a hand-
written sign is placed outside the studio at A&M Records in
Hollywood which simply said, “Check Your Egos at the Door.”
1987 – World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight champ, “Iron Mike” Tyson
becomes the youngest heavyweight titlist ever as he beats James
“Bonecrusher” Smith in a decision during a 12-round bout in Las
Vegas, Nevada.
2006 – Gordon Parks, renowned photographer, writer and director, joins
the ancestors at the age of 93.
Information retrieved from the Munirah Chronicle and is edited by Mr. Rene’ A. Perry.
Ethel Payne, journalist, is March 6 Woman of the Day. Read about this pioneer woman below.
Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ethel-paynefirst-lady-of-the-black-pressasked-questions-no-one-else-would/2011/08/02/gIQAJloFBJ_story.html
Black History Now: http://blackhistorynow.com/ethel-l-payne/
American National Biography Online: http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-03900.html
HarperCollins Publisher: Book about Ethel Payne: http://www.harpercollins.com/9780062198853/eye-on-the-struggle
Today in Black History – March 6
1479 – The Treaty of Alcacovas is signed. This will establish the
territorial domains of Portugal and Castile (Spain) along a
longitudinal line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands.
Spain, thereby, recognizes Portugal’s rights to explore the
African coast. Portugal becomes the first European nation to
exploit the West African slave trade.
1775 – Prince Hall and fourteen other African Americans are initiated
into British Military Lodge No. 441 of the Masons at Fort
Independence, Massachusetts. Hall is a leather-dresser and
caterer. On July 3, 1775, African Lodge No. 1 will be
organized in Boston by this group of African American Masons.
1857 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules against citizenship for African
Americans in the Dred Scott decision. The Court rules that
Dred Scott, a slave, cannot sue for his freedom in a free
state because he is property and, as such, “has no rights a
white man has to respect.” This ruling also opens up the
northern territory to slavery.
1862 – President Lincoln sends message to Congress recommending
gradual and compensated emancipation of the slaves.
1901 – Virginia State University in Ettrick, Virginia (Outside of
Petersburg), is founded.
1909 – Obafemi Awolowo is born in Ikenne, Nigeria. He will become
the first Premier of Western Nigeria. He will also be a
strong antagonist of the north’s feudal system and its spread
to other parts of Nigeria and an advocate of the creation of
more states in Nigeria. Chief Awolowo and 28 other members
of his party will be later put on trial for treasonable
felony. He was sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment, and,
on appeal to the Federal Court the sentence was upheld.
After spending just over three years in Calabar prison, he
will be released with a state pardon. Nine days later, amid
jubilation he was unanimously elected leader of the then
10,500,000 Yorubas and leader of the Western delegation to
the All Nigerian Conference on the future association of
Nigeria. Chief Awolowo will be an author whose publications
will include “Path to Nigerian Freedom, Thoughts on the
Nigerian Constitution”. He will join the ancestors on
May 9, 1987.
1923 – Charles Ethan Porter joins the ancestors in Rockville,
Connecticut. A student of the National Academy of Design in
New York City, the first African American artist in the
United States to graduate from a four-year school of art,
and member of the Connecticut Academy of Fine Arts, Porter
did not receive the recognition that contemporaries Edward
Bannister and Henry Ossawa Tanner won. He will be best known
for the paintings “Still Life (Crock With Onions),”
“Strawberries,” and “Daisies,” but there will not be a major
retrospective of his work until 1987.
1940 – Wilver Dornel “Willie” Stargell is born in Earlsboro, Oklahoma.
He will become an all-star baseball player for the Pittsburgh
Pirates. He will hit 475 career home runs – twice leading
the National League with 48 in 1971 and with 44 in 1973. He
will drive in 1540 runs, score 1195 and have 2232 hits with a
lifetime batting average of .282. He will be inducted into
Baseball’s Hall of Fame in 1988. He will join the ancestors on
April 9, 2001.
1944 – Mary Wilson is born in Greenville, Mississippi. In 1959, she
will begin singing with a group called the “Primettes”, a
sister group to a male group, The Primes.” The Primes will
become “The Temptations” and the Primettes will become “The
Supremes.” The Supremes will become the only American act to
have five consecutive number one hits! From their beginning
to the end of the group, the Supremes will have 33 songs
reach the top 40. After the group disbands in 1977, Mary
Wilson will become a successful businesswoman, author,
lecturer, actress, and singer of not just pop music, but
Jazz, Rock, R&B, and Dance. She will author the best-seller
“Dreamgirl-My Life as a Supreme.” In 1988, Mary Wilson will
become the first female rock star to accept her lifetime
achievement award from the Rock N’ Roll Hall of Fame.
1957 – Ghana becomes the first African nation to achieve freedom from
colonial rule when the Ashanti, Northern Protectorates, the
Gold Coast and British Togoland declare their independence.
The celebration ceremonies are attended by a number of
American dignitaries, including African American leaders
Ralph Bunche, A. Philip Randolph, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.,
Martin Luther King, Jr., and Coretta Scott King.
1981 – Dr. Bernard Harleston, former dean of arts and sciences at
Tufts University, is appointed president of New York’s City
College.
2000 – Three white New York police officers are convicted of a cover-
up in the brutal police station attack on Haitian immigrant
Abner Louima.
2000 – “Earth, Wind and Fire” is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall
of Fame.
2006 – Kirby Puckett joins the ancestors, one day after the Hall of
Fame outfielder had a stroke at his Arizona home, at the age
of 45. He carried the Minnesota Twins to World Series titles
in 1987 and 1991 before his career was cut short by glaucoma.
He played his entire career with the Twins and was an icon in
Minnesota.
Information retrieved from the Munirah Chronicle and is edited by Mr. Rene’ A. Perry.
Jackie “Moms” Mabley is March 5 Woman of the Day. Read about this trailblazer below.
Biography.com: http://www.biography.com/people/moms-mabley-38691
Youtube videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vM880a92rgo, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLg1QzdAdLo
* Today in Black History – March 5 *
1770 – Crispus Attucks joins the ancestors after becoming the first
of five persons killed in the Boston Massacre. Historians
have called him the first martyr of the American Revolution.
1897 – The American Negro Academy is founded by Alexander Crummel.
The purpose of the organization is the promotion of
literature, science, art, the fostering of higher education,
and the defense of the Negro.
1920 – Leontine Turpeau Current Kelly is born in Washington, DC. In
1984, she will become the first African American woman to be
named a bishop of a major religious organization, the United
Methodist Church. She will join the ancestors on June 28, 2012.
1938 – Fred “The Hammer” Williamson is born in Gary, Indiana. He
will become a professional football player after training in
college to be an architect. He will play for the San
Francisco 49’ers from 1962 to 1964, the Kansas City Chiefs
from 1964 to 1967 (played in Super Bowl I), and the Oakland
Raiders from 1967 to 1971. After football, he will become a
sportscaster on ABC’s Monday Night Football with Howard Cosell
for one year. He will then become active in Hollywood as an
actor, director, producer, and writer.
1954 – Marsha Francine Warfield is born in Chicago, Illinois. She
will become an actress and comedian and best known for her
role as “Roz Russell” on NBC’s “Night Court” from 1986 to 1992.
1981 – The United States government grants the city of Atlanta $1
million to finance mental health and social programs in the
wake of a mysterious series of abductions and slayings
involving at least twenty two African American youths.
1985 – The Mary McLeod Bethune commemorative stamp is issued by the
U.S. Postal Service as the eighth stamp in its Black Heritage
USA series.
1991 – Reggie Miller, of the Indiana Pacers begins a NBA free throw
streak of 52 games.
1999 – Avery C. Alexander, a patriarch of the New Orleans’ civil
rights movement, who was arrested 20 times before he lost
count, joins the ancestors at the age of 88. A Baptist
minister and six-term Democratic state representative,
Alexander championed anti-discrimination, voter registration,
labor, closer police oversight and environmental regulation.
In the 1950s, he served as an adviser to Gov. deLesseps “Chep”
Morrison, helping African Americans get their first chance at
political patronage in menial, janitor-level jobs. He went on
to become the first African American to hold seats on parish
and state Democratic Party committees. In 1963, New Orleans
police dragged him by his heels down the steps of City Hall
after he led an unsuccessful effort to integrate its
cafeteria.
Information retrieved from the Munirah Chronicle and is edited by Mr. Rene’ A. Perry.
Harriet Powers, African American quilter, is March 4 Woman of the Day. Read about this pioneer woman below.
PBS.org: http://video.pbs.org/video/2365210187/
New York Times Learning Page: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20040130friday.html
National Museum of American History: http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_556462
Amazon.com Book about Harriet Powers: http://www.amazon.com/Stitching-Stars-Harriet-African-American-Artisans/dp/0684195763
African American Registry: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/harriet-powers-artist-story-quilts
* Today in Black History – March 4 *
1837 – The second major African American newspaper, the “Weekly
Advocate” changes its name to the “Colored American.”
1869 – The forty-second Congress convenes (1871-73) with five
African American congressmen: Joseph H. Rainey, Robert
Carlos Delarge, and Robert Brown Elliott from South Carolina;
Benjamin S. Turner, of Alabama; Josiah T. Walls of Florida.
Walls is elected in an at-large election and is the first
African American congressman to represent an entire state.
1889 – The fifty-first Congress convenes. Three Black congressmen:
Henry P. Cheatham of North Carolina; Thomas E. Miller of
South Carolina; and John Mercer Langston of Virginia.
1897 – William McKinley (Willie) Covan is born in Savannah, Georgia.
When he was 8 and living in Chicago he will meet Harry
Yancey, who had been in an act of very young black dancers
who shared bills with major white performers. Yancey will
captivate him with tales of touring the West, riding horses
and picking oranges and lemons from trees in California. He
will be so smitten by the idea that he will hustle part-time
jobs and begin paying Yancey to teach him to dance. He will
build a practice floor in his basement and eventually dance
his way into a troupe that will toured the West. When
returning from California, he could dance a lot better than
Harry. He will partner with Leonard Ruffin and become one of
the first black dance acts to be booked into New York City’s
Palace Theater, and will also appear in a long series of hit
musicals. He will appear in the original production of
“Shuffle Along” as well as with the Four Covans. Eleanor
Powell will bring him to MGM to teach dancing to pupils,
ranging from Debbie Reynolds to Mae West to Gregory Peck.
Encouraged by West, he will open the Willie Covan Dance
Studio in Los Angeles in the mid-1930s and train students
there for 35 years. He will join the ancestors on May 10,
1989, in Los Angeles, California.
1901 – The congressional term of George H. White, last of the post
Reconstruction congressmen, ends.
1922 – Theater legend Bert Williams joins the ancestors at the age of
46 in New York City. He was considered the foremost African
American vaudeville performer, teaming first with George
Walker in 1895, most notably in “In Dahomey,” and later as a
soloist with the Ziegfeld Follies.
1932 – Miriam Zenzi Makeba, “Empress of African Song,” is born in
Prospect Township, South Africa. Although exiled from her
homeland, Makeba will become an internationally known
singer and critic of apartheid. Throughout her life and
singing career, She will use her voice to to draw the attention
of the world to the music of South Africa and to its oppressive
system of racial separation. After appearing in the
semi-documentary antiapartheid film, “Come Back, Africa,” she
will attract international attention. This will include
meeting Harry Belafonte, who will become her sponsor and
promoter in the United States. Because her music always
contained a political component – the denunciation of
apartheid, her South African passport will be revoked in 1960.
Her career in the United States will be crippled by her
marriage to Stokely Carmichael (later Kwame Ture’), who was
active in the Black Panther Party. Her career will continue
to flourish in Europe. She will later become a United Nations
delegate from Guinea and will continue to record and perform.
She will return to her homeland, South Africa, in 1990 and in
1991, will make her first performance there in over thirty
years. She will join the ancestors on November 9, 2008 after
succumbing to a heart attack suffered after singing her hit
song “Pata Pata” during a concert organized to support writer
Robert Saviano in his stand against the Camorra, a mafia-like
organization in the Campania region of Italy.
1934 – Barbara McNair is born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in
Racine, Wisconsin. She will become a singer and actress, and
will host her own television program (The Barbara McNair Show).
The glamorous actress will moonlight as a pop singer between
TV and film roles during the 1960s. She will be a classy
addition to Berry Gordy’s talent roster when his firm attempts
to diversify its appeal. She will cut a pair of albums for
Motown in 1966 and 1969. She will join the ancestors on
February 4, 2007 after succumbing to throat cancer.
1944 – Robert Dwayne “Bobby” Womack is born in Cleveland, Ohio. He
will become a Rhythm and Blues performer, guitarist and
songwriter. He will be an active recording artist, starting in
the early 1960s, as the lead singer of his family musical group,
the Valentinos and as Sam Cooke’s backup guitarist. His career
will span more than 50 years, during which he will play in the
styles of Rhythm & Blues, soul, rock and roll, doo-wop, gospel,
and country. He will write and originally record the Rolling
Stones’ first UK No. 1 hit, “It’s All Over Now” and New Birth’s
“I Can Understand It” among other songs. As a singer, he will be
most notable for the hits “Lookin’ For a Love”, “That’s The Way
I Feel About Cha”, “Woman’s Gotta Have It”, “Harry Hippie”,
“Across 110th Street” and his 1980s hit “If You Think You’re
Lonely Now”. He will join the ancestors on June 27, 2014 after
suffering from prostate and colon cancer, pneumonia and
Alzeimer’s disease.
1954 – The first African American sub-cabinet member is appointed.
President Eisenhower names J. Earnest Wilkins of Chicago as
the U.S. Assistant Secretary of Labor.
1968 – Joe Frazier defeats Buster Mathis for the world heavyweight
boxing championship by knockout in the eleventh round.
1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr. announces plans for the Poor People’s
Campaign in Washington, DC. He says that he will lead a
massive civil disobedience campaign in the capital to pressure
the government to provide jobs and income for all Americans.
He tells a press conference that an army of poor white, poor
African Americans and Hispanics will converge on Washington
on April 20 and will demonstrate until their demands were met.
1981 – A jury in Salt Lake City convicts Joseph Paul Franklin, an
avowed racist, of violating the civil rights of two black men
who were shot to death.
Information retrieved from the Munirah Chronicle and is edited by Mr. Rene’ A. Perry.
Dr. Alexa Canady, is March 3 Woman of the Day. She is the first African Ameican neurosurgeon in the United States. Read about this pioneer woman below.
Biography.com: http://www.biography.com/people/alexa-canady-21333715
National Library of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html
Black Past: http://www.blackpast.org/aah/canady-alexa-1950
African American Registry: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/alexa-canady-first-female-and-first-black-resident-neurosurgery
Enyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2873000021.html
* Today in Black History – March 3 *
1820 – In an attempt to resolve the conflict between pro and
antislavery forces, the Missouri Compromise becomes law. In
the final law, Missouri joins the Union as a slave state
while Maine joins as a free one. The measure prohibits
slavery to the north of the southern boundary of Missouri.
1821 – Thomas L. Jennings receives a patent for an invention to “dry
scour” (dry clean) clothes. It is the earliest known patent
granted to an African American.
1865 – Congress establishes the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands, commonly known as the Freedman’s Bureau, to
provide health and education to newly freed slaves displaced
by the Civil War.
1865 – Congress charters Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Bank with
business confined to African Americans.
1869 – The University of South Carolina is opened to all races. Two
African Americans, B.A. Boseman and Francis L. Cardozo were
elected to a seven-man board of trustees.
1896 – The South Carolina legislature passes a measure creating the
Colored Normal Industrial, Agricultural and Mechanical
College (later South Carolina State) in Orangeburg.
1931 – Cab Calloway records the classic “Minnie The Moocher,” a song
that would be forever linked to him. The song combined
scat-singing with nonsense syllables and lyrics of drug use,
recounting how Minnie and her cocaine-using lover, Smokey
Joe, went to Chinatown, where “he showed her how to kick the
gong around” – slang for opium smoking.
1962 – Jacqueline Joyner (later Kersee) is born in East Saint Louis,
Illinois. She will become an Olympic champion, winning two
medals (silver in 1984 and gold in 1988) in the heptathlon
and another gold medal in the long jump at the 1988 Games in
Seoul, South Korea.
1967 – Grenada gains partial independence from Great Britain.
1988 – Juanita Kidd Stout becomes the first African American woman to
serve on a state supreme court when she is sworn in as an
associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
1991 – Motorist Rodney King is severely beaten by four Los Angeles
police officers after a high-speed chase in a scene captured
on home video by George Holliday.
1998 – Larry Doby, the second African American to play major league
baseball and the first African American to play in the
American League (Cleveland Indians), is selected for
induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
2013 – Bobby Rogers, an original member of Motown’s group, “The Miracles,”
joins the ancestors. His passing was confirmed by the group’s
longtime front man, Smokey Robinson. Robinson, Rogers and the
rest of the Miracles were a cornerstone act for writer-producer
Berry Gordy’s infant Motown Records, putting songs such as “Shop
Around,” “Tracks of My Tears” and “The Tears of a Clown” on the R&B
and pop charts throughout the 1960s. After Robinson left the group,
the Miracles had a No. 1 hit with “Love Machine” in 1976. When the
group disbanded in the late 1970s, Rogers started an interior design
business. The Miracles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame in 2012.
Information retrieved from the Munirah Chronicle and is edited by Mr. Rene’ A. Perry.
The CamaraIfe Maktaba 